Internet-of-Things (IoT)

• LAN 

• Good for short-range transport 

• Well-established standard 

• Good for mobile, home, and warehouses 

• Not good for long ranges or battery life

•   Cellular 

• Good for long-range transport, machine-to-machine communication 

• Well-established standard 

• Good for long distances and higher data rates 

• Not good for battery life

  Cellular Connections 

• 4G had tight ITU-R defined specs

                      - Peak speeds were set at 100 Mbits/s up to 1Gbits/s

• LTE  (long-term evolution) was introduced

                        - All IP-based telephony

                       - Frequencies from 600 MHz to 2600 MHz

                      - LTE Advanced came out next

                      - It was an update on IMT-2000 to IMT-Advanced

                      - An upgrade to the existing 4G deployment using additional spectrum and multiplexing for higher performance 

                        and increased capacity

                     - Speeds up to 1000 Mbits/s x 500 Mbits/s

• 5G is now

                      - 4G is needed to transition

                      - Uses encoding called ODFM (orthogonal division frequency multiplexing)

                      - Leads to lower latency, higher speeds, and higher capacity

                      - Higher frequency called millimeter wave

                      - Low spectrum 5G reserved for rural areas due to distance restraints

                      - It will bring broadband prices way down and, in some places, replace broadband. It will 

                        have increased speeds of up to a GB

Satellite Connections.

 The Satellite is the most diverse path for transport solutions for 

•  businesses and it's the ultimate best choice for Backup's and Disaster Recovery (DRaaS) 
• Satellite will get to places where fiber, copper, and cellular networks will never reach 
• It allows communications to happen in the most rugged areas
• It’s a cost-effective solution for hard-to-reach places

Wired Connections 

• Fixed
• Fixed wireless requires: 

                 – A point of presence that you are connecting to  

                 – A line of site (LOS) between two different radios

             • You must be able to see from point A to point B clearly. 

                – Things like truck traffic and weather fade could be an issue

            • To set up fixed wireless you will need two different radios. 

              – One of these radios must be tied to a point of presence that can get access to the internet.

           • You must decide what applications you are going to flow over the network (e.g., voice, data, etc.)

          • Line of sight (LOS) must not be occluded by trucks, weather, or other barriers because data will be lost.

          • Sometimes this is ideal in a campus environment – You can get speeds of 1Mb-1Gb, but the

             above factors must be evaluated to see if it’s the right fit.

Why is fixed wireless useful? 

                 – It’s a diverse path with non-metered connectivity, so there is no usage 

                 – Good alternative in a dense metropolitan area, in a campus environment, or a rural area 

                    that lacks telecom infrastructure. 

                 – It can provide really high speeds for your customers if it’s the right application 

                – It’s not ubiquitous, only available in limited areas

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4G LTE – You can now aggregate different bands 

        Pros: Much faster speeds due to carrier aggregation (frequency bonding on a SIM), widespread 

                 coverage (75-80% of 4G coverage) 

       Cons: Requires mom chipset in router of a smartphone to receive carrier 

                aggregation, usage based/metered service, not 100% coverage

5G 

        Pros:  Speeds up to 1Gbit/s, low latency, greater capacity, once built out low latency 

                  applications will be possible (autonomous vehicles, smart city applications, IoT connectivity)

         Cons: Currently in beta, will require more time for build out. It will be years before 

                  coverage is ubiquitous. Many micro cells will need to be deployed much closer to the 

                 site and in-building penetration will be a challenge.

Satellite 

       Pros: Good in rough-terrain topography or remote areas. Coverage everywhere except the poles. 

                Offers good speeds, with service virtually anywhere (including airplanes). Good solution in 

                regions without telecom infrastructure. 

       Cons: Latency is a huge issue. Some applications are not supported. Limited bandwidth 

                 options in certain areas and on certain technologies, can be cost prohibitive, requires 

                 a dish and pro-install. Requires a line of sight to satellite and weather fade may be an issue.

• Fixed wireless 

        Pros: Symmetrical guaranteed bandwidth, path diversity, unlimited usage, always 

                 on, high speeds offered. 

       Cons: Requires LOS to local POP, requires a dish, higher speeds can require 

                 licensing, can be costly, regional coverage and LOS limits coverage availability